Micronutrient Deficiencies in Dogs & Cats

Clinical References & Evidence Summary

Micronutrient deficiencies in companion animals often remain subclinical for extended periods, presenting as vague dermatologic, urinary, musculoskeletal, or immune concerns. This reference page summarises peer-reviewed literature supporting the role of preventive nutritional adequacy and targeted supplementation in dogs and cats.

Key Evidence Areas

This reference library exists to provide transparency into the scientific literature that informs our nutrition education and formulation decisions.

• Subclinical micronutrient deficiency (“hidden hunger”)

• Limitations of processed and home-prepared diets

• Species-specific nutrient requirements

• Preventive nutrition as part of wellness care

References

[1] National Research Council (NRC).
Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats.

National Academies Press, 2006.
Foundational reference defining essential micronutrient requirements and deficiency consequences.

[2] Freeman LM, Chandler ML, et al.
Current knowledge about the risks and benefits of raw meat–based diets for dogs and cats.

J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013.
Highlights nutritional imbalances and microbial risks in non-commercial diets.

[3] Pedrinelli V, et al.
Nutritional inadequacies in homemade diets for dogs and cats.

Frontiers in Animal Science, 2023.
Demonstrates high prevalence of calcium, zinc, vitamin E, and taurine deficiencies.

[4] Case LP, Daristotle L, Hayek MG.
Canine and Feline Nutrition: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals. Elsevier, 2011.

Clinical nutrition reference widely used in veterinary education.

[5] MSD Veterinary Manual.
Nutritional Requirements of Small Animals.
Practical clinical correlations of micronutrient deficiencies.

Preventive supplementation is intended to support nutritional adequacy, not replace medical diagnosis or therapeutic diets.

This page is intended for educational reference onLY